Uvod
Po desetletjih stalnega upadanja se je število ljudi, ki trpijo zaradi lakote – merjeno s razširjenostjo podhranjenosti – v letu 2015 spet začelo počasi povečevati. Trenutne ocene kažejo, da je skoraj 690 milijonov ljudi lačnih ali 8,9 odstotka svetovnega prebivalstva – za 10 milijonov ljudi v enem letu in za skoraj 60 milijonov v petih letih.
Svet ni na pravi poti, da bi dosegel nič lakote do leta 2030. Če se bodo nedavni trendi nadaljevali, bi število ljudi, ki jih prizadene lakota, do leta 2030 preseglo 840 milijonov.
Po podatkih Svetovnega programa za hrano 135 milijonov ljudi trpi zaradi akutne lakote, predvsem zaradi konfliktov, ki jih je povzročil človek, podnebnih sprememb in gospodarskega upada. Pandemija COVID-19 bi lahko zdaj to število podvojila, s čimer bi do konca leta 2020 ogrozilo še dodatnih 130 milijonov ljudi, da bodo utrpeli akutno lakoto.
Ker je več kot četrt milijarde ljudi potencialno na robu lakote, je treba hitro ukrepati za zagotavljanje hrane in humanitarne pomoči najbolj ogroženim regijam.
Hkrati je potrebna temeljita sprememba svetovnega prehranskega in kmetijskega sistema, če želimo nahraniti več kot 690 milijonov ljudi, ki so danes lačni – in dodatnih 2 milijardi ljudi, ki jih bo svet imel do leta 2050. Povečanje kmetijske produktivnosti in trajnostna proizvodnja hrane je ključnega pomena za lajšanje nevarnosti lakote.
Dejstva in številke
Current estimates are that nearly 690 million people are hungry, or 8.9 percent of the world population – up by 10 million people in one year and by nearly 60 million in five years.
The majority of the world’s undernourished – 381 million – are still found in Asia. More than 250 million live in Africa, where the number of undernourished is growing faster than anywhere in the world.
In 2019, close to 750 million – or nearly one in ten people in the world – were exposed to severe levels of food insecurity.
An estimated 2 billion people in the world did not have regular access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food in 2019.
If recent trends continue, the number of people affected by hunger will surpass 840 million by 2030, or 9.8 percent of the global population.
144 million children under age 5 were affected by stunting in 2019, with three quarters living in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
In 2019, 6.9 per cent (or 47 million) children under 5 were affected by wasting, or acute undernutrition, a condition caused by limited nutrient intake and infection.
Goal Targets
2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round.
2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons.
2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.
2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed.
2.A Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.
2.B Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.
2.C Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.
